Research Studies

Peptide Research Library

Peptide Research Library At GXG Peptides, we are committed to supporting the scientific community with high-quality data and resources. This page serves as a curated directory of peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and academic articles regarding various peptide compounds. These resources are provided strictly for educational and informational purposes to assist researchers in their laboratory work. Please note that the studies linked below are external third-party publications and are intended solely to reference the chemical properties and experimental interactions of these compounds.

Metabolic & Mitochondrial Agents

5-Amino-1MQ
- Study: Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions
- Focus: Investigates how inhibiting the NNMT enzyme (the mechanism of 5-Amino-1MQ) can limit body weight gain and adipose tissue mass without altering food intake.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC5826726)
MOTS-c
- Study: The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
- Focus: Identifies MOTS-c as a regulator of insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis, targeting skeletal muscle.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 25738459)
NAD+
- Study: NAD+ in Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Implications
- Focus: A comprehensive review of how NAD+ depletion correlates with aging and how precursor supplementation affects mitochondrial health.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC7494058)
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
- Study: Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment
- Focus: Demonstrates SS-31’s ability to act as a mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant and its potential effects on cognitive sequelae.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 31747905)
SLU-PP-332
- Study: Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity
- Focus: The landmark paper identifying SLU-PP-332 as an “exercise mimetic” that increases oxidative skeletal muscle fibers.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC11584170)

Recovery & Tissue Repair

BPC-157
- Study: Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth
- Focus: One of the seminal studies showing BPC-157’s ability to improve biomechanical recovery in tendon injuries.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 14554208)
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)
- Study: Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair
- Focus: Highlights the actin-binding mechanism of TB-4 and its role in accelerating wound contraction and collagen deposition.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 12581423)
GHK-Cu
- Study: The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide
- Focus: A review of GHK-Cu’s ability to reset genes to a healthier state and its role in skin regeneration and collagen synthesis.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC8789089)

Growth Hormone Secretagogues

CJC-1295
- Study: Once-daily administration of CJC-1295… normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse
- Focus: Validates the long half-life and “drug affinity complex” (DAC) mechanism of CJC-1295 compared to standard GHRH.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 16822960)
Ipamorelin
- Study: Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
- Focus: The original characterization study showing Ipamorelin releases GH without significantly impacting cortisol or ACTH levels (unlike GHRP-2/6).
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 9849822)

Cognitive & Longevity

Semax
- Study: Semax and Pro-Gly-Pro Activate the Transcription of Neurotrophins and Their Receptor Genes
- Focus: Explains the mechanism behind Semax’s nootropic effects, specifically its ability to increase BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor).
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC11498467)
Epitalon (Epithalon)
- Study: Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation
- Focus: Provides quantitative data on Epitalon’s ability to induce telomerase activity and extend telomeres in human cells.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC12411320)

Advanced GLP-1 & Agonists (Weight Management)

Retatrutide
- Study: Retatrutide—A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy
- Focus: Discusses the “triple agonist” mechanism (GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon) and recent Phase III trial designs (TRIUMPH).
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC12190491)
Tirzepatide
- Study: Tirzepatide for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes: An endocrine perspective
- Focus: Reviews the dual agonist (GLP-1/GIP) efficacy seen in the SURPASS clinical trials regarding weight and glycemic control.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC10087310)

Specialized Agents

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
- Study: Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
- Focus: The pivotal RECONNECT study that evaluates the efficacy of PT-141 on sexual desire and arousal pathways.
- Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC6819021)

Peptide Research Library

Metabolic & Mitochondrial Agents

5-Amino-1MQ

Study: Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition mitigates obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions

Focus: Investigates how inhibiting the NNMT enzyme (the mechanism of 5-Amino-1MQ) can limit body weight gain and adipose tissue mass without altering food intake.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC5826726)

MOTS-c

Study: The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance

Focus: Identifies MOTS-c as a regulator of insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis, targeting skeletal muscle.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 25738459)

NAD+

Study: NAD+ in Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Implications

Focus: A comprehensive review of how NAD+ depletion correlates with aging and how precursor supplementation affects mitochondrial health.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC7494058)

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Study: Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment

Focus: Demonstrates SS-31’s ability to act as a mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant and its potential effects on cognitive sequelae.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 31747905)

SLU-PP-332

Study: Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity

Focus: The landmark paper identifying SLU-PP-332 as an “exercise mimetic” that increases oxidative skeletal muscle fibers.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC11584170)

Recovery & Tissue Repair

BPC-157

Study: Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth

Focus: One of the seminal studies showing BPC-157’s ability to improve biomechanical recovery in tendon injuries.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 14554208)

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4)

Study: Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair

Focus: Highlights the actin-binding mechanism of TB-4 and its role in accelerating wound contraction and collagen deposition.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 12581423)

GHK-Cu

Study: The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide

Focus: A review of GHK-Cu’s ability to reset genes to a healthier state and its role in skin regeneration and collagen synthesis.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC8789089)

Growth Hormone Secretagogues

CJC-1295

Study: Once-daily administration of CJC-1295… normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse

Focus: Validates the long half-life and “drug affinity complex” (DAC) mechanism of CJC-1295 compared to standard GHRH.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 16822960)

Ipamorelin

Study: Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue

Focus: The original characterization study showing Ipamorelin releases GH without significantly impacting cortisol or ACTH levels (unlike GHRP-2/6).

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMID: 9849822)

Cognitive & Longevity

Semax

Study: Semax and Pro-Gly-Pro Activate the Transcription of Neurotrophins and Their Receptor Genes

Focus: Explains the mechanism behind Semax’s nootropic effects, specifically its ability to increase BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor).

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC11498467)

Epitalon (Epithalon)

Study: Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation

Focus: Provides quantitative data on Epitalon’s ability to induce telomerase activity and extend telomeres in human cells.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC12411320)

Advanced GLP-1 & Agonists (Weight Management)

Retatrutide

Study: Retatrutide—A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy

Focus: Discusses the “triple agonist” mechanism (GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon) and recent Phase III trial designs (TRIUMPH).

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC12190491)

Tirzepatide

Study: Tirzepatide for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes: An endocrine perspective

Focus: Reviews the dual agonist (GLP-1/GIP) efficacy seen in the SURPASS clinical trials regarding weight and glycemic control.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC10087310)

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

Study: Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Focus: The pivotal RECONNECT study that evaluates the efficacy of PT-141 on sexual desire and arousal pathways.

Link: Read Study on PubMed (PMC6819021)